NIRSpec Instrumentation
JWST NIRSpec instrumentation components include optics, dispersers and filters, detectors, the micro-shutter assembly, an integral field unit, and fixed slits.
The JWST Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) enables 0.6–5.3 μm spectroscopy at resolving powers of ~100, ~1,000, and ~2,700. NIRSpec offers 4 observing modes: (1) multi-object spectroscopy (MOS), (2) integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy, (3) fixed slit (FS) spectroscopy, and (4) bright object time-series (BOTS) spectroscopy. The NIRSpec instrument hardware components used to carry out science in these modes are as follows:
- NIRSpec optics
NIRSpec is an all-reflective instrument with a total of 14 mirrors along the light path, and interchangeable filters and disperser options to cover the science wavelength range. The NIRSpec Optics article describes the basic optical path and components. NIRSpec optics are shared by all 4 observing modes: MOS, FS, IFU, and BOTS.
- NIRSpec dispersers and filters
NIRSpec is sensitive to nearly a full decade in wavelength: 0.6–5.3 µm. The NIRSpec optical path contains 2 wheel mechanisms, the filter wheel assembly (FWA) and the grating wheel assembly (GWA), which provide disperser-filter combinations to cover the NIRSpec wavelength range. The NIRSpec Dispersers and Filters article describes the FWA and GWA components used for spectroscopy.
- NIRSpec detectors
NIRSpec uses 2 "long wavelength cutoff" Hawaii-2RG detectors manufactured by Teledyne Imaging Systems to acquire near-infrared spectra in the wavelength range 0.6–5.3 μm. The NIRSpec detectors have 2048 × 2048 pixels; the inner 2040 × 2040 pixels are light sensitive.
- NIRSpec micro-shutter assembly
NIRSpec's micro-shutter assembly (MSA) is a configurable slit mask for multi-object spectroscopy, allowing the simultaneous collection of dozens to hundreds of source spectra within a 3.6' × 3.4′ FOV (dispersion direction x cross-dispersion direction).
- NIRSpec integral field unit
This NIRSpec intergral field unit spectroscopy mode obtains the spectra of a contiguous, extended 3" × 3" area on the sky. To achieve this, the IFU uses specialized optics to "slice" the extended spatial region and reformat it into a slit alignment that can be dispersed using the NIRSpec spectrograph optics. The NIRSpec Integral Field Unit article describes some key characteristics of the NIRSpec IFU.
- NIRSpec fixed slits
The NIRSpec fixed slit spectroscopy mode can obtain the spectra of single sources at high sensitivity and contrast, and supports BOTS mode observations. To achieve this, the FS mode offers a selection of 5 slit apertures to be used with the NIRSpec optics that are shared with the MOS and IFU observing modes. The NIRSpec Fixed Slits article describes some key characteristics of the NIRSpec FSs.
The full list of NIRSpec instrumentation articles: